Who should be screened for osteoporosis?

Who should be screened for osteoporosis?

• Women aged 65 and over and men aged 70 and over
• Women who have menopause before the age of 45, including those who have had both ovaries removed.
• Women who have had low estrogen levels for more than 1 year before menopause, except in cases of pregnancy and breastfeeding.
• Postmenopausal women under 65 years of age or men under 70 years of age with one of the following risk factors

1. Have a history of fractures from minor accidents (fragility fracture)
2. Have a father or mother who has a hip fracture from a minor accident
3. Body mass index less than 20 kg/m2
4. Height loss of 4 cm or more compared to the highest historical height, or 2 cm or more from two height records.
5. Received medication that causes rapid bone loss, namely Prednisolone 5 mg/day or equivalent, continuously for at least 3 months.
6. Women receiving aromatase inhibitor therapy for breast cancer or men receiving hormone-lowering therapy for prostate cancer.
7. X-rays show thinning of the bones or deformity of the spine from a fractured vertebra.

Osteoporosis screening can be done by:

• Bone density test using a DXA scan
• Assess your fracture risk with the Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX).

DXA scan (Dual Energy X-Ray Absorption) is a screening for osteoporosis using a low-dose radiation machine, which is less than คาสิโนออนไลน์ UFABET ฝากถอนรวดเร็ว เริ่มต้นเล่นง่าย a chest X-ray. It can be examined without fasting or eating. The examination takes about 10-15 minutes and is the standard method for diagnosing osteoporosis by the World Health Organization (WHO).

Cautions

For pregnant women or those who have received contrast media three days prior to the examination, it is necessary to inform the doctor before treatment.

Interpretation of test results (T-Score)

The measured bone mineral density is measured in units of mass/square bone area (g/sq. cm, grams/square centimeter). This measured value must be compared with the normal mean in a group of young people (young – adult mean) aged 30 – 40 years of the same race or similar races as the number of standard deviations (standard deviation) called T-score. Which is used as a value for diagnosing diseases.

• A T score greater than -1 (minus 1) is consider normal bone density.
• A T score below -1 but above -2.5 is considered osteopenia.
• A T score below -2.5 is considered osteoporosis.

The Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) is a tool use to calculate the percentage risk of hip fracture and fractures in important locations (e.g. vertebrae, hip, humerus, and arm) over a 10-year period in patients aged 40-90. Who have not yet received medication for osteoporosis. It can be calculated from risk factors alone